A model was established for high strength aluminum alloys to describe the elastic/plastic stress and strain at the crack tip fields and the effects of second phase particles with various size scales on tensile ductility. The model presents a multi-element nonlinear relation between the fatigue crack growth rate and the characteristics of constituents, dispersoids, and precipitates within the alloys. Qualitative agreement between experimental and theoretical results is obtained for the fatigue crack growth rates of 2024 Al alloy. Moreover, an optimum scheme to reduce the fatigue crack growth rates and maintain alloy strength could be approached by application of the model.