Electrospinning technique is playing an important role and has been regarded as one of the simplest and most effective techniques in the field of nanofibers fabrication. Various kinds of nanofibers have been prepared using this method, including polymers and inorganic nanofibers. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented on the fabrication of inorganic nanofibers using electrospinning technique, including its mechanism, modification and effecting factors. In addition, the applications and future trends are presented and discussed for the inorganic nanofibers in this paper.