Dynamic compression properties and adiabatic shear behavior of TiB2/Al composites (55%-65%, volume fraction) were investigated by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The instantaneous failure of the composite was ascribed to the formation of adiabatic shear band when compressed. It is found that the composites tend to adiabatic shear failure as the reinforcement content increases. The flow stress and strain rate sensitivity exhibit rise/fall tendency with the increasing of strain rates. Additionally, the plastic deformation ability of the composites at high strain rates is highly improved. All the composites were failed in brittle fracture, which is controlled by the breaking of reinforcement particles and splitting of TiB2-Al interfaces