At present, the lithium-ion battery is mainly limited by safety, high-power performance and cost. These problems are expected to be solved by new high-performance anode material of lithium titanate oxides. Based on the recent research progress, several representative lithium-titanium-oxygen species lithium intercalation compounds such as Li4Ti5O12, LiTi2O4, Li2Ti3O7, and Li2Ti6O13 are selected. The important achievements of their crystal structures, electrochemical properties, preparation methods, chemical modifications and application researches are comprehensively elaborated. Finally, the direction of future research and development for such anode materials are pointed out.