High strain rate compression experiments of U-5.7Nb alloy were conducted at temperatures from -100℃ to 400℃ with split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. Results show that the compressive stress-strain response depends sensitively on the applied strain rate and test temperature. The yield stress of U-5.7Nb alloy was found to decreased rapidly with the increasing temperature at a rate of about 2MPa/℃, while the work hardening rate was relatively constant. At temperatures higher than 200℃,the shape of the stress~strain curves changed from duplex yield character to elastic-plastic character for both quasi-static and dynamic compression experiments. The hardening modulus caused by detwinning and the yield stress increased obviously with the increasing strain rates. Finally,the divergency of the low- and high-rate deformation curves at temperature of 400℃ was discussed based on the optical micrography.