Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was used to analyze the microstructure of cold-rolled C71500 cupronickel alloy tube. Through the analysis of microhardness, tensile properties, microstructure, texture, and texture content of the cupronickel alloy tube after the second pass cold rolling with different deformations (3.19%, 9.57%, 19.37%, 23.97%, 31.78%), the texture change law of the alloy was obtained. The quantitative relationship between deformation and storage energy was revealed by analyzing the grain size and the change of texture and grain boundary, which could be directly reflected by the proportion of small angle grain boundaries. The optimal deformation of second pass rolling for C71500 alloy was obtained. Results show that the yield strength, tensile strength, and microhardness of cupronickel alloy are increased with increasing the working ratio, while the plasticity is decreased.