In view of the requirement of nuclear power plant for the integration of structure and function of neutron shielding materials, the influence of Gd content on thermal neutron shielding performance and microstructure of 06Cr19Ni10 stainless steel was studied. Based on Thermal neutron shielding calculation and simulation analysis, Gd-06Cr19Ni10 melting and rolling tests with different Gd contents were carried out. The results from OM and SEM show that the addition of Gd can refine the grain size of 06Cr19Ni10 stainless steel, but it is easy to form the brittle Ni-Gd second phase. With the increase of Gd content, the area percentage of Ni-Gd second phase also increases obviously, which makes the plasticity of 06Cr19Ni10 stainless steel decrease, the rolling property is obviously reduced. Combined with Thermal neutron shielding calculation and rolling test results, it is considered that Gd-06Cr19Ni10 can obtain relatively balanced thermal neutron shielding performance and rolling performance when Gd content is about 1.7 wt.%.