Nb-Si based alloys are considered to be an ideal candidate to replace Ni based ultrahigh temperature alloys. However, its brittleness and poor high temperature oxidation performance greatly limit its development and application. Alloying and surface oxidation resistant coating can effectively improve the high temperature oxidation resistance and service life of Nb-Si based alloy. In this paper, the effects of Ti, Zr, Cr, B and a series of anti-oxidation coatings on the mechanical and oxidation properties of Nb-Si-based alloys are reviewed. The oxidation failure mechanism of the alloy is expounded. The research progress of microstructure and oxidation behavior of alloy matrix and coating is summarized. Finally, constructive suggestions and prospects for the future research direction and development trend of Nb-Si based alloys are made.