In the study, the twinning behavior of VW53 magnesium alloy in solid solution was studied by compression experiments under different strains at room temperature, and the effects of twinning on microstructure and properties were investigated. The microstructure of VW53 magnesium alloy was observed and analyzed by optical metallography (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD). Vickers microhardness was tested. The results show that {10-12} tensile twins and {11-21} tensile twins are mainly produced during the compression process of VW53 magnesium alloy at room temperature. With the increase of strain {10-12} twins will nucleate, grow, merge, and even annex the entire grain {10-12} twins will nucleate, grow, merge, and even annex the entire grain, while {11-21} twins will not expand and merge significantly. With the increase of strain, the degree of cross-cutting of twin boundary and segmentation of refined grain increase, which can effectively improve the mechanical properties of VW53 magnesium alloy.