The impact toughness and sliding wear behavior with GH5605 alloy at room temperature of solution-and solution+aging-treated Stellite 6B alloy were evaluated. The relevant microstructure, impact fracture surface, worn surface and dissected section were observed and analyzed by Thermal-Calc software, OM, SEM and TEM. The results show that the wear rate of Stellite 6B alloy is significantly reduced by aging treatment after solution, and consequently the wear amount is reduced by approximately 70%. However, the impact toughness of the aging-treated alloy is only 30% of that of the solution-treated alloy. Further analyses indicate that the wear mechanism of solution-treated Stellite 6B alloy is mainly adhesive wear, and adhesive bonding layer is cut off in the matrix. Aging treatment promotes the martensitic transformation and significantly improves the resistance to adhesive wear. The wear mechanism is a small amount of adhesive wear as well as long-term fatigue wear. Since carbide at grain boundary is the main factor affecting the impact toughness of aging alloy, increasing martensitic transformation tendency of the matrix, reducing the total amount of carbides and inhibiting the precipitation of secondary carbide along grain boundary are the process and component optimization direction to comprehensively improve the adhesion wear resistance and impact toughness of Stellite 6B alloy.