The microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 617 alloy rolled at room temperature with different deformation degrees (20%, 50%, 70%) were investigated. The grain refinement mechanism and main texture types of Inconel 617 alloy during rolling were analyzed via electron backscatter diffraction and X-ray diffraction, and the microhardness and tensile properties of Inconel 617 alloy with different deformation degrees were tested. Results reveal that the grains of Inconel 617 alloy are refined during the rolling deformation process, and the refinement mechanism is the fragmentation of original grains caused by the increase in dis-location density and strain gradient. The main microtextures of the rolled samples are Goss {011}<001>, Rotated Goss {110}<110>, Brass {011}<211>, and P {011}<112> textures, and their intensity is increased with increase in deformation degree. After rolling deformation, the strength of the Inconel 617 alloy is improved and the ductility is reduced by the combined effect of grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. Comprehensively, the yield strength and elongation of Inconel 617 alloy after 20% deformation are 772.48 MPa and 0.1962, respectively, presenting good synergy effect.