Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings, as well as the wear resistance of the coatings. Besides, the effect of changing the laser melting process on the coatings was also investigated. The oxidation mass gain at 800–1200 °C and the high-temperature oxidation behavior during high-temperature treatment for 1 h of two coated Zr alloy samples were studied. Results show that the Co coating and the Co-T800 coating have better resistance against high-temperature oxidation. After oxidizing at 1000 °C for 1 h, the thickness of the oxide layer of the uncoated sample was 241.0 μm, whereas that of the sample with Co-based coating is only 11.8–35.5 μm. The friction wear test shows that the depth of the abrasion mark of the coated sample is only 1/2 of that of the substrate, indicating that the hardness and wear resistance of the Zr substrate are greatly improved. The disadvantage of Co-based coatings is the inferior corrosion resistance in 3.5wt% NaCl solution.