The aluminum alloy is one of the widely used high-performance metal structure materials in aerospace field. However, due to the low hardness and inferior wear resistance, the aluminum alloy parts can be easily worn or scratched during the application. This research reviewed the methods for the improvement of wear resistance of aluminum alloys in terms of surface coating and nano-particle reinforcement, which provides important practical significance and scientific value for the exploration of new preparation methods of wear-resistant aluminum alloys and for the enhancement of the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys.