The coordinate choice and constructions of structural maps are summarized, and applications of the maps in material design and prediction of new materials are briefly presented for these structural maps The most representative structural maps are the three-dimension-map and Mendeleev-structure-map The latter is the two-dimention map, in which the so-called Mendeleev number M is used for the coordinate The number M is the synthetical characteristic parameter, which can unitedly include the distinguishing feature of valent electronic dens, electronegativity, atomic radius The two-dimention map is also directly perceived through the sences and have a good advantage of integral, and so overcomes the shortcoming of the three-dimention-map