The structural characteristics and electrochemical processing of LiFePO4 for lithium ion battery anodes are discussed. LiFePO4 is characterized by high specific capacity and good cycle performance, But its dielectric property and low diffusion coefficient being not sufficiently well known at present restict its application to small batteries at present. It is concluded that LiFePO4 powder with high electrochemical performance can be fabricated using proper fabrication and surface modification procedures. This powder: with its environmentally benign properties, low cost, and abundance, is a promising alternative for lithium ion battery anodes.