The effects of electric pulse heat treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of hot-rolled equiaxed TC4 alloy were investigated. It is interesting to find that, the original equiaxed microstructure of hot-rolled TC4 alloy was turned to the typical lamellar microstructure within 5min, and the minutes spent for microstructure transformation show decreasing tendency with the increased heat treatment temperature; recrystallization happened to the equiaxed microstructure before microstructure transformation, after microstructure transformation, the prior beta grains size showed an increasing tendency with temperature and maintaining time. The results of quasi-static and dynamic compression tests showed that, compared with the original hot-rolled TC4 alloy, the fracture strain value of alloys after electric pulse heat (EPH) treatment was significantly improved while the susceptibility to the adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) of the hot-rolled TC4 titanium alloy was obviously declined as well, and the fracture strain value of alloys after electric pulse heat (EPH) treatment showed decreasing tendency with the increased temperature and maintaining time. Compared with the original hot-rolled titanium alloy, the adiabatic shear fracture strain of the alloy which was treated at 1000℃ for 5min increased by 133%, and the energy absorbed by materials before adiabatic shear failure increased by 192%.