Selective phase dissolution technology is a simple, economical and effective method for preparing micro/nanostructures, especially in the aspect of ultra-long-diameter ratio, ultra-deep-width ratio and single crystal micro/nanostructures. The principle is to extract micro/nanostructures in two-phase or multiphase alloys, and size control is mainly carried out during the formation of prealloys. Based on a clear distinction between selective phase dissolution and dealloying, the research progress of selective phase dissolution in the preparation of nanoparticles, micro/nanowires, micro/nanoporous and micro/nanochannel structures were reviewed in detail for the first time. Combining with the research work of our group, the technological process was improved, the application scope was broadened, and the types of micro/nanostructures were enriched, which laid a foundation for the wide application of selective phase dissolution in the preparation of micro/nanostructures.