Due to its low coefficient of thermal expansion, high temperature strength, high elastic modulus and other characteristics, molybdenum metal is widely used in aerospace, military, petrochemical and nuclear industries and other cutting-edge industries, is an indispensable material to promote the development of high-tech fields. Molybdenum powder as the basic material of molybdenum products, its physicochemical properties are closely related to the properties of molybdenum products. Compared with ordinary molybdenum powder, superfine molybdenum powder has larger specific surface area, higher activity and lower sintering temperature. At present, the main methods for preparing ultrafine molybdenum powder are thermal reduction method and thermal decomposition method. Thermal reduction method can prevent grain growth by adjusting the reduction process. The development of thermal decomposition method mainly involves the upgrading of equipment and the optimization of process. In this paper, focusing on the preparation process, reaction mechanism and product state of superfine molybdenum powder, the development process and technical characteristics of the typical process were analyzed, the research status and progress of the preparation technology of superfine molybdenum powder were summarized, and the problems faced by the current technology and the future research direction were put forward, in order to provide ideas for the development and industrial application of the preparation technology of superfine molybdenum powder.