In recent years, magnesium alloy materials have attracted much attention due to their biodegradability and similar mechanical properties to cortical bone. In this paper, the surface of homemade magnesium alloy was laser processed, and the laser-etched morphology was determined as grooves by observing the surface morphology of sheep rib bone, and the hydrophilicity of different morphologies was investigated by contact angle test. Through the cell climbing test, the effects of different morphologies on cell climbing, growth and migration were investigated. The results show that the wetting angle of the field shape is smaller than that of the groove shape, and the field shape has better hydrophilicity; compared with the smooth surface, the field shape surface has better cell adhesion, and the depression and bumps are full of cells; therefore, it is suggested that the micropatterns obtained by the laser processing are conducive to the enhancement of biocompatibility, which will provide new theoretical basis for the implantation of magnesium alloys into the human body as bone grafting plates in the future.