Brazing technology is an important method to realize structural integrity of gas turbine components. There is a lack of highly mature Ti-based filler metals and the corresponding brazing technology in China. The effects of Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni filler metal compositions and brazing processes on the interface structure and tensile properties of TA2 titanium alloy brazed joints were studied in detail. Modification mechanisms of Sn or V elements on the brazing interface were discussed. The results show that the thicknesses of embrittlement layer and intergranular infiltration zone at the brazing interface were obviously reduced by adding Sn or V elements and decreasing brazing temperature. The strengthening phase formed by adding 1.5 wt.% V or 5 wt.% Sn to led to an increase in the tensile strength of the brazed joint. The increase in brazing temperature led to intensified metallurgical reactions at the interface and the formation of various hard and brittle phases, resulting in an increase in the tensile strength of the joint, but the tensile strength decreases with prolonged insulation time. The fracture surfaces of the filler metal, interface bonding layer, and the matrix exhibited brittle, cleavage like, and ductile fracture morphology, respectively. Sn combined with Ti and Zr to form strengthening phases such as Ti2Sn3, Ti6Sn5, and Zr5Sn3, while V combined with Ni to form strengthening phases such as Ni3VZr2, NiV3, and Ni2V, all of which led to an increase in the tensile strength of the brazed joint. V combined with Ni to slow down the diffusion of Ni element into titanium alloy and regulate the metallurgical reaction at the brazing interface.