High efficiency solid-state neutron moderator materials are crucial component micro-nuclear reactor. The main function of neutron moderator is to reduce the energy of neutrons produced by fission to a range that promotes further fission. Meanwhile, moderator materials are also one of the core structural materials in reactors. The application of high-temperature resistant and efficient neutron moderator is helpful promote the development of miniaturization and mobility of micro nuclear reactors. Starting from the principle of moderators, this review summarizes several promising high-temperature resistant and efficient neutron moderators. The development prospects for different moderators have been discussed, which providing strong guidance for subsequent researches and applications.