In this paper, SiC/Al-based composite foams were successfully prepared by a two-step foaming method. The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability, cell structure and mechanical properties of the aluminum foams were investigated. The macro/micro features of the aluminum foams were characterized and analyzed using CT, SEM and EDS. The experimental results demonstrate that an appropriate increase of the SiC content and its uniform distribution can improve the foaming stability of aluminum foams, optimize the size of the cell diameter and cell wall thickness as well as the distribution of cells, and enhance the hardness and compressive strength of the aluminum foams. However, either insufficient or excessive SiC content leads to uneven distribution of SiC particles, which is unfavorable to foaming stability and good cell structure formation. At 6 wt.% SiC content, both the foaming stability and cell structure of the aluminum foam reach the optimal state, resulting in the highest compression strength and energy absorption capacity.