The impact toughness and sliding wear behavior of solution and solution + aging treated Stellite 6B alloy were evaluated simultaneously. The relevant microstructure, impact fracture surfaces, worn surface and dissected section were observed and analyzed under OM, SEM and TEM. The results showed that the wear rate of Stellite 6B alloy is significantly reduced by aging treatment after solution, and consequently the wear amount is reduced by 70% approximately. However, the impact toughness of the aging treated alloy is only 30% of that of the solution treated. It proves that continuous carbide chains along grain boundaries is much detrimental to the impact toughness of studied alloy. Further analyses indicate that the wear mechanism of solution treated Stellite 6B alloy is mainly adhesive. Nevertheless, the aging treatment promotes the martensitic phase transformation triggered by wearing load and thus transform the wear mechanism to less adhesive plus prolonged fatigue wearing due to the intrinsic inadhesion of massively present HCP phase. It thereby suggests that increasing the martensitic transformation tendency of Co-matrix and inhibiting the precipitation of secondary carbides along grain boundaries can be effective to modify the comprehensive properties of Stellite 6B alloy.