The rolling Deformation and strengthening mechanism of typical wrought magnesium alloy AZ31, AZ31(0.8%Ce) and AZ31(0.8%Nd) were studied. The microstructures, mechanical properties and the effects of rare earth Ce and Nd on AZ31 alloy were investigated. The results show that the work hardening of experimental alloys is serious and brittle breaking happen easily. Doping of rare earth can improve both the strength and ductility of AZ31 Alloy. The refine grain strengthening, working hardening and rare earth phase strengthening are the main strengthening mechanism of A231 series alloy.