Commercial pure titanium billets, grade 1 (TA1), were successfully processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) for 8 passes via route BC at room temperature using a Φ=120° and ψ= 20° die. The as-processed Ti billets were smooth and free of any visible surface cracks. Special attention was paid on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the ECAP samples at room temperature. The microstructure examination of the ECAP processed billets reveals that, with the pass of ECAP increasing, the initial and coarse equiaxed grains evolve into gradually the ultrafine grains with high-angle boundary composed of the subgrains and the dislocation cells, which are formed from the band structures, deformation twins and high density dislocations produced within initial several passes through the dislocations interacting and recombining. After the 8th ECAP pass, the original grains are refined to about 200 nm, and the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength is increased to 710 and 791 MPa from original 275 and 407 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, a higher ductility of 19.0% elongation still is maintained