Finite element models of thin-walled cylindrical aluminum alloy tube and the thin-walled cylindrical aluminum alloy tube with aluminum foam filler were established by ABAQUS software. The vertical compressing mechanical behavior of the two structures was simulated numerically and the simulation results were compared with the experimental. Results show that the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental. According to the stress-strain drawings of thin-walled cylindrical aluminum alloy tube and thin-walled cylindrical aluminum alloy tube with aluminum foam filler, it is concluded that the fully foam-filled tube can endure more stress than the empty tubes