Low temperature synthesis of Mo-Cu composite powders was conducted by mechanochemical treatment (ball-milling) of CuMoO4 and MoO3 mixtures followed by subsequent coreduction process. The preparation temperature of the precursors (CuMoO4-MoO3 mixtures), phases and microstructures of the Mo-Cu composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The thermodynamical conditions at different stages of hydrogen reduction of Mo-Cu nanocomposite powders were analyzed. Results show that the mechanochemical treatment (ball-milling) can significantly enhance the reduction activity by reducing the particle sizes of powders and hence increasing the reaction surface area, therefore giving rise to the synthesis of Mo-Cu composite powders at relatively low temperature (680 ℃). By optimizing the experimental parameters, Mo-25 wt% Cu nanocomposite powders with superfine particles ranging from 50 to 100 nm can be obtained by ball-milling for 15 h followed by reduction in hydrogen at 680 ℃