The cylindrical pure Ti specimens were compressed by dynamic plastic deformation (DPD). The microstructure and microhardness of adiabatic shear bands (ASB) and transitional zones were investigated at high strains. The results show that ASBs are only found in DPD samples at high strains (ε≥0.6), but not found in low-strain or quasi-static compression samples. These suggest that the ASBs are affected by both strain rate and strain. The hardness of ASBs is slightly lower than that of the matrix; however, the hardness of transitional zones is obviously lower than that of the matrix. These results are researched by Zerilli-Armstrong constitutive model and heat diffuse equation. The computational widths of the heat-affected zone and the transitional zone are consistent with the experimental results. The formation of equiaxed grains is due to dynamic recrystallization of deformed grains. This process results in hardness reduction of the transitional zone.