Ag and Nb were chosen as modifying elements, and their effects on the microstructure, antibacterial property and corrosion resistance of 316L were studied by antibacterial experiment, electrochemical experiment and microscopic analysis. The results show that niobium can refine the grains of 316L effectively and improve the distribution of silver in the matrix. The 316L stainless steel containing an appropriate amount of silver has an excellent antibacterial efficacy to S. aureus and its microbiological corrosion resistance is improved while an excessive silver is prone to form segregation and degrade the corrosion resistance. When 316L the stainless steel contains about 0.04wt%~0.06 wt% Ag and 0.1 wt% Nb, an optimized matching among microstructure, corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties can be obtained.