A dense ceramic oxide coating with approximate 40 μm thickness was prepared on 2A06 aluminum alloy by means of microarc oxidation in an alkali-silicate electrolytic solution. The morphology and the microstructure were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Coating thickness and surface roughness (Ra) were measured after the coating was synthesized. The tribological performance of the coatings was evaluated using a dry sand abrasion test and a solid particle erosion test. The results show that microarc oxidation coatings consist of the loose superficial layer and the inner dense layer. Both the inner layer and the outer layer are composed of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3, While the Al6Si2O3 phase is observed only in the outer loose layer, and the inner layer has a higher content of α-Al2O3 than that of the outer layer. The average of the microhardness of the ceramic coatings is 20.96 GPa. Moreover, under the same experimental condition, the specific wear rate of ceramic coating is smaller than that of 2A06 aluminum alloy which indicates the friction and the wear properties of the 2A06 aluminum alloy are improved and the lifetime of 2A06 aluminum alloy employed in harsh environments is extended with the increase of coating thickness and quality improvement