The surface morphology, the film-substrate bonding force, the corrosion resistance and the fretting friction and wear properties of anodic oxidized surface of conventional Ti and ultrafine-grained Ti were investigated. The results show that compared to the anodic oxidized surface of conventional Ti, the anodic oxidized surface of ultrafine-grained titanium exhibits a more nano-scale cavities, a higher film-substrate bonding force (bonding force of the latter is 2 times of the former), a higher corrosion resistance (corrosion rate of the latter is 2/5 of the former), a lower friction coefficient (0.12 vs 0.34) and a higher wear resistance. It is believed that these above mentioned improvements are caused by the increasement of crystal defects (internal energy) due to microstructure ultrafinement.