Laser surface treatment is an effective way to improve the hardness, and resistance to wear and corrosion. Laser surface treatment (laser surface alloying, laser cladding and laser surface melting) for titanium and titanium alloys have received more attention for it can expand their application. Combining with recent studies, this paper comprehensively overviewed the factors affecting two kinds of laser surface treatment methods, laser surface gas nitriding and laser surface powder alloying. The surface microstructure, performance, defect control after laser surface treatment and the optimization of laser parameters were also summarized. On this basis, current problems and future development were described.