In this paper, we investigated the effect of counterface of ZrO_2, Si₃N₄ and SiC ceramics on the tribological behavior of 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel under 90% hydrogen peroxide solution. The results showed that the tribological properties of 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel were strongly dependent on the counterfaces. The adhesion behavior affects the tribocouple of 1Cr18Ni9Ti/ZrO₂, leading to a high coefficient of friction (COF) fluctuating from 0.17 to 0.27 and the highest wear loss of 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel. The reactions of oxidation and hydrolysis protect the worn surface of 1Cr18Ni9Ti/SiC, inducing a low COF 0.035 and the lowest wear loss of 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel. Both the adhesion behavior and reactions play important roles in the wear behavior of 1Cr18Ni9Ti/Si₃N₄, leading to a complex COF and between-in wear loss of 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel. As for the counterparts, ZrO₂ ceramic showed severe wear, and Si₃N₄ ceramic preserved the obviously lowest wear volume.