In order to obtain the micro arc oxidation ceramic coatings of high performance and not to reduce the fatigue properties of aluminum alloy, 4 kinds surface conditions of aluminum alloy samples with untreated, high-speed fine particles bombarding treated, micro-arc oxidation treated, high-speed fine particles bombarding + micro-arc oxidation combining treated were prepared by high-speed fine particles bombarding technology and micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique, and the fatigue lives of these samples were tested by universal fatigue test machine. At the same time, the surface layer microstructure and surface residual stress of these samples were observed and tested by TEM and XRD residual stress tester. Results show that all the surface conditions of the 4 kinds of samples had almost the same shorter fatigue life at high loads, but the fatigue life of these samples with micro-arc oxidation treatment was the shortest among all the samples at low loads, and it was significantly shorter than the untreated samples. The microstructure refinement and residual compressive stress resulted by high-speed fine particles bombarding treatment could effectively suppress the initiation and propagation of fatigue crack, so the fatigue life of the samples of high-speed fine particles bombarding treatment before and after micro-arc oxidation treatment were all improved, and the fatigue life of the two kinds of samples were both longer than the untreated samples, which shows that high-speed fine particles bombardment strengthening treatment could effectively improve the fatigue life of micro-arc oxidation aluminum alloy at lower stress level.