The ultrahigh-temperature Nb-Silicide-based composites have been extensively studies as candidate materials for the high-pressure turbine blade and oriented blade of the high thrust-weight ratio aero-engine due to its attractive mechanical and physical properties. This essay talks about the research status of the ultrahigh-temperature Nb-Silicide-based composites. The main research of multiphase refractory Nb–Si in situ composite is to make room temperature fracture toughness, high elevated-temperature strength and resistance to oxidation to have a better match through alloying and the improvement of preparation technology. And hoping to lay a basis for further research.