The mechanical properties, microstructural evolution and deformation mechanisms of room-temperature compressive deformation of Ti–26 titanium alloy were investigated using the single pass compression experiment at strain rates of 0.001~0.1 S–1 and height reductions of 20%~60%. The results show that discontinuous yielding appears at a strain rate of 0.1 S–1 and the yield strength are more sensitive to the changes of the compression rate in the same height reductions. With increasing strain rates and height reductions, the initially equiaxial grains evolve into fibrous grains and the larger the height reductions and strain rates are, the more significant the elongation of the beta grains are. Small deformation condition, the microstructure of Ti-26 alloy has obvious slip and a small amount of twinning, and dislocation slip and twinning mutual coordinate and promote the alloy deformation at room temperature. Large deformation condition, The slip occupy more the single β grain and expand around the β grain, a small amount of twins can be completely engulfed, dislocation slip only coordinated deformation mechanism.