Ultrasonic shot peening (USSP) was used to treat industrial pure zirconium and its tension-tension fatigue properties were studied. The microstructure and surface hardness of the samples were characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and microhardness tester. The grain size, micro distortion and residual stress of sample surface were analyzed by X ray diffractometer (XRD). The results show that：After USSP treatment, the grain size is refined to the nano scale, and the residual compressive stress, surface roughness and hardness of the surface increase with USSP time. The fatigue limit of original industry pure zirconium is 195MPa, USSP treatment can significantly increase the fatigue limit and the maximum fatigue limit of USSP treated 45min is maximum, reaching 220MPa, which is 11.2% higher than original industrial pure zirconium. The lower the maximum loading stress during fatigue loading is, the increase of fatigue life by USSP treatment is more obvious.