The design and preparation of antifriction coating on titanium alloy surface is one of the important technologies to improve the wear resistance of titanium alloy components and ensure the safety in service. In order to solve the problems of uneven dispersion of antifriction agents and poor adhesion of coating caused by easy agglomeration in titanium alloy antifriction coating, this paper adopts one-step micro-arc oxidation technology to generate MoS2/TiO2 composite ceramic coating with anti-wear effect on the surface of titanium alloy in situ. The effects of sulfur source concentration on microstructure and wear resistance of the coating was discussed. The results showed that MoS2/TiO2 composite ceramic film was successfully prepared by micro-arc oxidation with Na2S and Na2MoO4 as sulfur source and molybdenum source respectively. By controlling Na2S concentration, nano-MoS2 particles with small size and uniform distribution can be generated in situ, and the content and morphology of MoS2 can be regulated. With the increase of Na2S concentration, the coating becomes compact and the roughness decrease. When the addition amount reached 60g/L, the coating turn into loose due to sulfur precipitation and the roughness increased. Due to the uniform distribution of MoS2 particles on the surface and inside of the coating, the abrasion resistance of the obtained coating improved by 395.4% and 129.4% respectively compared with the conventional micro-arc oxidation coating or the coating prepared by directly adding MoS2 particles into the electrolyte. At the same time, adhesion (reaching 723.8N) increased by 87.1% compared with traditional micro-arc oxidation, indicating that this technology not only guarantees good self-lubrication effect, but also improves adhesion of coating and matrix. The results can provide new ideas and research methods for the design and preparation of titanium alloy wear-resistant coatings.