One-dimensional Y2O2SO4:Eu3+ sub-micron rods were synthesized by a facial molten-salt method with Na2SO4 and K2SO4 as the eutectic melt. The crystallography, morphology and luminescence properties of as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence(PL) spectra.The influence of the sintering temperature, Eu3+ doping concentration on the crystallography, morphology, and luminescence properties of the samples were carefully investigated. The pure Y2O2SO4:Eu3+ can be prepared by calcining raw material mixture at 1100℃ for 2 h in air. The monoclinic Y2O2SO4:Eu3+ (10 mol%) sub-micron rods have a length of more than 10 μm and a width of 500~800 nm. The photoluminescence spectra of the Y2O2SO4:Eu3+ sub-micro rods confirmed the strongest red emission peak at 616 nm upon the excitation of 270 nm ultraviolet light, which corresponds to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+. Moreover, the quenching concentration mechanism of Y2O2SO4:Eu3+ samples with Eu3+ above 10 mol% was also discussed.