Based on the bulletproof mechanism of ceramic composite armor, structural design and numerical simulation optimization of SiC/UHMWPE fiber composite armor were carried out to satisfy the protection requirements of vehicle. Penetration depth of bullet was taken as the evaluation standard, and the thickness, shape, size, and layout of SiC wood ceramic bullet proof sheet were considered as the research factors. An orthogonal simulation optimization scheme of four factors and three levels were designed, when the surface density of ceramic composite armor was 38 kg/m2. Bulletproof performance was simulated using ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software. The optimized size parameters owing to the minimal penetration depth of bullet were selected. Accordingly, a SiC wood ceramic composite armor was prepared, and the bulletproof performance of designed ceramic composite armor was up to the protection standard of NATO AEP-55 STANAG 4569 level II as determined by the real bullet shooting test. The designed structure had 8-mm-thick SiC wood ceramic bulletproof panel and 13.7-mm-thick UHMWPE fiber bulletproof panel. The bulletproof panel was made of 4900mm2 hexagonal SiC wood ceramic bulletproof sheets. The influencing factors of SiC wood ceramic bulletproof sheet on the bulletproof performance was as follows: arrangement position > thickness > size > shape.