Using solid powder embedding technique, 316H austenitic stainless steel was subjected to chemical heat treatment at 1090℃ for 0.5-15h and 750-1150℃ for 10h. The effects of different process parameters on the structure and wear resistance of the chromizing layer were studied. Optical metallurgical microscope (OM) , electron scanning microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and other analytical methods were used to study the influence of holding time and reaction temperature on the microstructure of the chromizing layer. Using friction and wear testing machine to study the influence of different technological parameters on the wear resistance of chromizing layer. The results show that the reaction temperature has a significant effect on the thickness of the chromizing layer. The thickness of the chromizing layer and the chromizing time are parabolic at the same chromizing termprature. The chromizing layer is mainly composed of Cr23C6, Cr2C and α-Fe-Cr solid solution. In the process of chromizing, first form a carbon chromium layer on the surface of the sample. As the reaction temperature increases or the holding time is extended, α-Fe-Cr solid solution layer will be formed under the carbon chromium compound layer, and further increase the reaction temperature and holding time ,the carbon chromium compound layer will gradually disappeare. After chromizing, the wear resistance of the sample is significantly improved. Chromizing at the same temperature, the shorter the holding time of the sample, the better the wear resistance; the same holding time, the lower the reaction temperature of the sample, the better the wear resistance.