In this study, a variety of energy fields were applied to GH4169 alloy, and transmission electron microscope/scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the microstructure of the alloy, so as to explore the evolution law and action mechanism of microstructure under the action of multi-field coupling. The results show that, compared with the conventional temperature field/stress field, a large amount of granular δ phase is precipitated in the grain boundary of GH4169 alloy under the coupling action of temperature field/stress field/pulse current energy field, and the size of γ "phase in the grain increases. The reason is that the introduction of pulse energy field significantly enhances the dislocation motion and the diffusion ability of atoms, which is conducive to the growth of precipitated phase.