The optical microscope and X-ray diffractometer were used to study the microstructure evolution of Cu0.6Cr alloy prepared by low-temperature equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) with extended route. The scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer were used to study the grain size, precipitate distribution, and fracture characteristics of Cu0.6Cr alloy after different aging heat treatments. The tensile strength, hardness, and conductivity of the alloy prepared by low-temperature ECAP and low-temperature ECAP+aging heat treatment were analyzed. Results show that the obviously refined and intersecting fibrous structure is formed in Cu0.6Cr alloy after low-temperature ECAP. The alloy maintains the preferential orientation of (111) crystal plane during deformation. In the aging heat treatment, the larger the alloy deformation, the larger the number and size of the precipitates, and the faster the precipitation rate of the secondary phase. After aging at 450 °C for 2 h, the tensile strength of the 5-pass alloy is 568.1 MPa, the Vickers hardness is 1624.8 MPa, and the conductivity is 82%IACS.