Refractory metal carbides have been widely proven to be an effective strategy to enhance the oxidation resistance of ceramic matrix composites. The modification effect of ZrC-HfC-TaC system on cyclic oxidation and ablation behavior has rarely been explored. Herein, ZrC-HfC-TaC modified C/SiC composites were fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis and chemical vapor deposition processes. The mechanical strength, chemical composition and microstructure after cyclic static oxidation test under 1600 °C/5 h were investigated, and the corresponding oxidation mechanism was proposed according to the characterization results. The cyclic oxyacetylene torch tests under 1700 °C/4000 s were also employed to verify the effectiveness of ZrC-HfC-TaC modification on C/SiC composites. Results suggest that ZrC-HfC-TaC modified C/SiC composites possess outstanding cyclic oxidation and ablation behavior.