The microstructure and texture evolution of the center of the adiabatic shear band (ASB), transition region and substrate of the dual-phase TB6 titanium alloy under detonation loading at ultra-high strain rates were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the grain size of α and β phases decreases after detonation. The α phase produces {102} twins. The β phase grains in the central region of ASB undergo dynamic recrystallization, the grain size is 400 nm, most of them are high-angle grain boundaries, and the dislocation density is reduced. The α→β phase transition occurs in the ASB center. {100}⊥AD, <0001>//RD or ND, {100}<110> rotating cubes are present in all α or β phases except the detonation matrix; {100}<0001>, {100}<110> texture exists in the α phase of the original structure, and there are {100}<0001>, {100}<110>, {110}<0001> three textures in the transition region, {100}<001> pseudo cubic texture exists only in the β phase of the detonation matrix. {100}//SD is a common feature of ASB organization, <0001>//AD texture exists in the detonation matrix, {110}//SD, <0001>//SD texture exists in the ASB center. The {110} plane, <0001> orientation of α phase and the {110} plane of β phase are parallel to ASB direction, which are not belong to close-packed planes and dense-packed directions, which are not conducive to the alloy"s mechanical properties.