TiB2-TiC-Co composite powders were successfully synthesized from a Co-Ti-B4C system by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS), and TiB2-TiC-Co cermet coatings were produced on a Q235 steel substrate by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). Phase composition and microstructure of the SHS products and APS coatings were investigated, and bonding strength and wear resistance of the coatings were examined. The results show that the phase of Co-Ti-B4C SHS products mainly consists of strong TiB2 and TiC diffraction peaks in addition to the diffraction peaks of a small amount of remained NaCl additive. Both TiB2 and TiC ceramic particles are fine. With the increase of Co content, the disk-like splats increase on the surface of TiB2-TiC-Co coating, and the surface becomes smooth gradually. The thickness of the coatings are uniform, and the densification is improved. The bonding strength and sliding wear resistance present the trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The bonding strength and sliding wear resistance of the coating reaches optimum value with 10 wt.% Co content. The wear mechanism of the coating is mainly adhesive wear and lamellar peeling wear.