The hot deformation behavior of ZL270LF aluminum alloy under a strain of 70%, deformation temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 550 °C, and strain rate ranging from 0.01 s^-1 to 10 s^-1 was studied by hot compression tests. A constitutive equation for flow stress was constructed, and the hot processing map was drawn, thus determining the optimal hot processing region. An electron back scattered diffractometer (EBSD) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to explore microstructural evolution of the alloy. The results show that the flow stress of ZL270LF Al alloy decreases with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. The deformation activation energy is 309.05 kJ/mol, and the optimal processing region is the area where the temperature is from 470 °C to 530 °C and the strain rate is from 0.01 s^-1 to 1 s^-1. Three different dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanisms are involved in the hot deformation process of the alloy, namely continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX), and geometric dynamic recrystallization (GDRX). Among them, CDRX is the main DRX mechanism of ZL270LF Al alloy.