In recent years, medical magnesium alloy, as a "third-generation biomedical material", has attracted the attention of many scholars due to its excellent biocompatibility and degradability, and has demonstrated its unique potential in the context of the difficulty of degradation of traditional medical implants. However, due to its poor corrosion resistance, it is difficult to meet the needs of clinical applications of medical implants, so the study of the corrosion resistance of medical magnesium alloys has a pivotal role. In this paper, starting from the corrosion resistance of three typical medical magnesium alloys, the latest research progress of the corrosion resistance of medical magnesium alloys with different elemental content in clinical applications and the corrosion protection technologies such as surface coating and alloying are reviewed, and the results of the application of computer simulation technology in the corrosion study of medical magnesium alloys are introduced, according to which, the future development trend of the medical magnesium alloys materials is prospected.