Due to the metastable structure characteristics of long-range disorder and short-range order, amorphous alloys have excellent mechanical properties, superior corrosion resistance, outstanding magnetic and prominent catalytic properties. However, amorphous alloys often have poor glass-forming ability and are difficult to form large-size bulks, so their application range is limited and they are mostly presented in the form of amorphous alloy coatings. On account of the long period and high cost of preparing amorphous alloy powders, the selection and optimization of amorphous alloy coating composition are particularly important for the performance without considering the specific coating preparation process. Therefore, this paper mainly introduces the preparing chain of amorphous alloy coatings and the similarity of different forms of amorphous alloys. At the same time, taking Al-based amorphous alloys as an example, its composition design and optimization process are reviewed systematically. The research status and development of Al-based amorphous alloy powder preparation and Al-based amorphous alloy coatings by thermal spraying are summarized as well, so as to provide a new viewpoint and an enlightenment for the design and development of new-type amorphous alloy coating composition in the future.