Solution treatment is a common heat treatment to improve the comprehensive properties of 7050 aluminum alloys. Due to the quenching sensitivity of 7050 alloy, the water quenching temperature is an important factor affecting its performance. Different water quenching temperatures affect the saturation of solid solution obtained consequently and the size of precipitated phases, which in turn affects the properties of the alloy. The effect of water quenching temperature on the microstructure and properties of 7050 aluminum alloy during solution treatment was investigated. Results show that with increasing the water quenching temperature, the fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) in the alloy increases according to the EBSD analysis; dislocations are mainly concentrated in HAGBs and areas with dense grain boundaries (GBs); the precipitated phase of the alloy continuously forms and grows at the GBs; the hardness of the alloy shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing; the corrosion resistance deteriorates as the water quenching temperature increases. The alloy shows excellent comprehensive properties when quenched in water at 50 °C, with a microhardness of 1707.16 MPa and a corrosion potential of ?0.927 V.